tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-83474156953832318382024-03-19T14:04:19.272-07:00盡情Blog 2.0 筆足的科普、遊記、澳門文學評論、英文學記等的集散地。筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.comBlogger102125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-21047798537726980162021-08-23T08:52:00.003-07:002021-08-23T08:53:42.196-07:00日譯中1-注射兩劑疫苗後感染病毒的人數少<p> 日譯中1 <a href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10013214571000/k10013214571000.html">https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10013214571000/k10013214571000.html</a></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 21.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">ワクチンを<span lang="EN-US">2<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">回</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 21pt; font-weight: normal; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">かい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 21.0pt;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 21pt; font-weight: normal; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></b></span><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 21.0pt;">した<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 21pt; font-weight: normal; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 21.0pt;">でウイルスがうつった<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 21pt; font-weight: normal; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 21.0pt;">は<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">少</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 21pt; font-weight: normal; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">すく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.3pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 21.0pt;">ない<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></b></span></b></span></b></span></b></p>
<p style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">新</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-family: Meiryo, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line;">あたら</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">しいコロナ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ウイルス</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">がうつった<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">がどのぐらい</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ワクチン</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">を<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">していたか、</span></span><span class="colorc"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #0041cc; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-fareast-font-family: Meiryo; padding: 0cm;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: inherit; mso-hansi-font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US">厚生労働省</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-family: Meiryo, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">こうせいろうどうしょう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></b></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">が<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">調</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">しら</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">べました。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">8<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">月</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">がつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">10</span><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">日</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">とおか</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">から<span lang="EN-US">12<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">日</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">にち</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">までにコロナ</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ウイルス</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">がうつった<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">は、<span lang="EN-US">5<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">万</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">まん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">7000<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">にん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">ぐらいいました。その<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">中</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">なか</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">の<span lang="EN-US">82</span>%は<span lang="EN-US">1<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">回</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">かい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">も</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ワクチン</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">を<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">していませんでした。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人口</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">じんこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">10<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">万</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">まん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">にん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></span></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">で</span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: inherit; mso-hansi-font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">計算</span></span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">けいさん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">した<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">場合</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ばあい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">、</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ワクチン</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">を<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">していない<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">で</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ウイルス</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">がうつった<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">は<span lang="EN-US">67.6<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">にん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">でした。</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ワクチン</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">を<span lang="EN-US">1<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">回</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">かい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">した<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">は<span lang="EN-US">22.7<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">にん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">、<span lang="EN-US">2<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">回</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">かい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">した<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">は<span lang="EN-US">4.0<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">にん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">でした。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ワクチン</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">を<span lang="EN-US">2<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">回</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">かい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">した<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">で</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ウイルス</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">がうつった<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">はとても<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">少</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">すく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">なくて、<span lang="EN-US">1<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">回</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">かい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">も<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">していない<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">人</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">の<span lang="EN-US">6</span>%ぐらいでした。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="layout-grid-mode: char; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ワクチン</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">の<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">専門家</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">せんもんか</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">は「この</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">データ</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">から</span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">ワクチン</span></span></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">の</span><span lang="EN-US"><a><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span class="under"><span color="windowtext" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: inherit; mso-hansi-font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span lang="EN-US">効果</span></span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">こうか</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></a></span><span face=""Meiryo","sans-serif"" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">があることがわかります。できるだけ<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">早</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">はや</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">く<span lang="EN-US">2<ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">回</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">かい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">注射</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ちゅうしゃ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">する<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">必要</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">ひつよう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">があります」と<span lang="EN-US"><ruby style="ruby-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">話</span></span><rp>(</rp><rt style="font-size: 8pt; layout-grid-mode: line; letter-spacing: 0pt;">はな</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">しています。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="PT"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 209.95pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="PT"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">注射兩劑疫苗後感染病毒的人數少</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">厚生勞動省調查了新冠病毒病染的病例中,注射疫苗的大約人數。</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">8</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">月</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">10</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日至</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">12</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">日,感染人數約</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
5</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">萬</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">7</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">千人。其中</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">82%</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的人未曾注射過疫苗。</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以每</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">10</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">萬人計算,未曾注射過疫苗的人感染人數為</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">67.6</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人,接種過</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">劑的</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">22.7</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">譯註</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">:</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可計得</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">劑保護率</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">66.4%)</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,接種過</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">劑的</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">4</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">人</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">譯註</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">:</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">可計得</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">劑保護率</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">94.1%</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。據此估計日本目前肆虐的非</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Delta</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">變種</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">)</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。已接種</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">劑疫苗的感染人數很少,約為未曾接種疫苗感染人數的</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">6%</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="layout-grid-mode: char; line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">疫苗專家表示:</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">“</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">依據此資料,可知疫苗有效果。有必要儘早接種</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">劑疫苗。</span><span lang="PT" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="PT"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-15302393422224365382021-06-24T03:46:00.001-07:002021-06-24T03:52:22.116-07:00三隻小豬英文故事的用字解畫 No, no, by the hair of my chiny chin chin<p><span style="font-size: medium;">三隻小豬這經典故事英文原文有此句:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: sanchez, serif;">“No, no, by the hair of my chiny chin chin.”</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: sanchez, serif; font-size: medium;">或可中譯為"不,不,以我層層疊下巴的毛作誓不。<span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: sanchez, serif; font-size: medium;">https://www.storynory.com/the-three-little-pigs-2/</span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;">有意思詞和句子:</span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;">...she
sent her three little pigs out to seek their fortunes. </span></p><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">straw 指稻草,另一義是"飲管",而tube管,一般指水管、喉管、試管,或"一支"牙膏、洗面奶類的軟管狀用品,如 a tube of toothpaste。Youtube的tube取義自顯像管之義,留意You為重音音節。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">came along a wolf:故事中多處用到倒裝句,順序為</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">a wolf came along狼來到或出現。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="新細明體, serif">“</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">Then
I’ll huff, and I’ll puff, and I’ll blow your house in.”</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"> : huff and puff 是慣用語,解"</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">喘大氣"、"反對、抱怨",故事中有"用力、憤怒地吹"之義。blow your house in較少見,直譯是吹到屋入,即吹破,較常見的是</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">blow the house down,吹倒、吹塌。</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span>So
he huffed, and he puffed, and he puffed, and he huffed,</span>和大多數故事一樣,用過去時陳述,只在對話中用現在時。這是狼向第2間屋猛吹時的描述,因用比干草更牢的植物如shrub,furze或</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">木</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">stick等搭建,所以重覆了 huffed 和 puffed,以示較第1間堅固,第3間屋時,又加了一次。</span></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;">turnips 無菁,網上一堆介turnip, radish, carrot區別的文章或答疑。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""新細明體",serif" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“</span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Oh, at six o’clock.” 在日常英語教學中常只教基本句子構成,實應多聯繫實際,如此類對話中的對答,只需句子成分的一種即可。</span></span></p><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;">The little pig said: “Ready! I have been
and come back again, and got a nice potful for dinner.”故事中隨處可見用and連成長句或陳述多句動作,英語日常對話也如此,而非then。<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif" style="color: #1d2a57;">bustled up /</span><span class="ipa dipa lpr-2 lpl-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1d2a57; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 2px; word-break: break-word;">ˈbʌs.<span class="sp dsp" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">ə</span>l</span><span face="Arial, Helvetica, "Microsoft JhengHei", sans-serif" style="color: #1d2a57;">/ 匆忙地做</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Well,
the little pig bustled up the next morning at four o’clock, and went off for
the apples, hoping to get back before the wolf came...: 此句用and、;等將一句寫成一段,當中用 Ving (hoping)現在分詞短語,代替</span></span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">表達原因的</span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">because he...。</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;">And
he threw it so far, that, while the wolf was gone to pick it up, the little pig
jumped down and ran home. 這句用and... so ... that連。可見and的多功能。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">butter-churn </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif">牛油桶</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Then
the wolf was very angry indeed, and declared he would eat up the little pig,
and that he would get down the chimney after him: and that 即 and declared that...,又是and連。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">in fell the wolf: 倒裝 = the wold fell in</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> in an instant = quickly</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p><span face="Calibri, sans-serif"><br /></span></p>筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-78475275033571138122019-10-20T09:38:00.000-07:002019-10-24T01:37:18.316-07:00巴黎動物園展示的生物魔點blob (slime mold) 是什麼- 簡介及影片集<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.4px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">多頭絨泡菌 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.4px;">Physarum polycephalum</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">是黏菌slime mold (又稱</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">黏液霉菌)的一種,屬於原生生物,以控制水分變動體內的鈣驅動血管或葉脈般形態的肢體緩慢繻動,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">每小時速度約1cm,可快至4cm。按目前的研究,此類黏菌</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">似乎</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">懂行迷宮,懂學習和記憶,甚至可和同類交換知訊,但研究人員未知其信息存於可處。</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">我估計,<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">多頭絨泡菌</span>對周圍的探索,如同人體免疫細胞接觸病原體後在再次接觸時可迅速增加抗體般,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">在再次探索相同環境、物質時可迅速</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">激發特定物質或變化,再在節省</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">能量這自然法則驅使下,感知</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">較短路徑、判斷物質安全與否等,從而增生存優勢,也就看似懂思考。</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">人们可以从半智能的黏菌身上学到什么?(可選字幕語言)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">(演講中提到黏菌在尋找最短距離的智慧可媲美</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">建築</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">工程師,那是把聽眾看成連</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">小學生都不如,不懂</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">"兩點間直線距離最短</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">"</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "inter" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.4px;">的常識?)</span><br />
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<h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 0px; color: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-color, var(--yt-spec-text-primary)); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-font-size, 1.8rem); font-weight: 400; line-height: 2.4rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 4.8rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-shadow: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-text-shadow, none); transform: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-transform, none);">
<yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" force-default-style="">生物實驗影片-黏菌-縮時攝影</yt-formatted-string></h1>
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<h1 class="title style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" style="background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 0px; color: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-color, var(--yt-spec-text-primary)); font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-font-size, 1.8rem); font-weight: 400; line-height: 2.4rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 4.8rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-shadow: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-text-shadow, none); transform: var(--ytd-video-primary-info-renderer-title-transform, none);">
<yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-video-primary-info-renderer" force-default-style="">Lens of Time: Slime Lapse | bioGraphic</yt-formatted-string></h1>
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另一種黏菌 盤基網柄菌 Dictyostelium discoideum,生物學家Kenneth B. Raper的研究</div>
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參考資料:</div>
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<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%B4%E7%BB%92%E6%B3%A1%E8%8F%8C" target="_blank">多頭絨泡菌</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/10/20/771285312/the-blob-a-smart-yet-brainless-organism-fit-for-sci-fi-gets-its-own-exhibit" target="_blank">'The Blob,' A Smart Yet Brainless Organism Fit For Sci-Fi, Gets Its Own Exhibit</a></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_B._Raper" target="_blank">Kenneth B. Raper</a></div>
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<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" target="_blank">原生生物</a></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-18248015703392508502018-11-26T02:19:00.001-08:002018-11-27T18:35:14.295-08:00英語動起來二 (spade, shovel 的區別)<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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spade, shovel (Noun, Verb)</div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">中文有謂圓頭鍬</span>shovel<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、方頭鏟</span>spade<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。下面引自<a href="https://gardeningproductsreview.com/shovel-vs-spade-whats-difference/" target="_blank">https://gardeningproductsreview.com/shovel-vs-spade-whats-difference/</a> 的對照表和柯林斯詞典的英解有出入。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6ND1hZGkjst2e1Q4k99FVHvDhtFO99X7xzAtayLaSvwT3YWlEqXV30pVYDqjPy9MCuNWbv3vdRa7gRLqafpWZjbCXl7GN1ws5pkmbqiTelXClbAeErH8hZ4ouo_5THPK6QwTDTWasRRg/s1600/shovel-and-spade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="427" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6ND1hZGkjst2e1Q4k99FVHvDhtFO99X7xzAtayLaSvwT3YWlEqXV30pVYDqjPy9MCuNWbv3vdRa7gRLqafpWZjbCXl7GN1ws5pkmbqiTelXClbAeErH8hZ4ouo_5THPK6QwTDTWasRRg/s320/shovel-and-spade.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">spade sth. (into/out of) a place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">shovel sth. (into/out of) a place (</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">大量地送入</span><span lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow; font-family: , serif;">近似拼寫或近義詞</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">spatula ['spætjʊlə]n. </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">(调和、涂抹用)抹刀,小铲;</span><span lang="EN-US">[</span><span style="font-family: , serif;">医</span><span lang="EN-US">] </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">压舌板 (Noun)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">hoe </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">鋤頭 (Noun, Verb)</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">rake </span><span style="font-family: , serif;">耙;用耙子耙 (Noun, Verb)</span><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Shovel<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Spade<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Blade Shape</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Bowl-shaped (concave) with a rounded
or pointed tip(也有一些是flat edge、匕首型、帶鋸齒的)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Flat (or nearly flat) with a
straight edge<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Handle/Shaft</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Long, straight shaft<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Shorter shaft, may have a “T” or “D”
handle (註:從網上圖片可見shovel都有T或D把手,還有O型的。)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Blade Size</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Larger<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Smaller<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Best Uses</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Digging, breaking up, and turning
soil(相對spade,因bowl-shaped head較深,搬運物更多)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #333333; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">Slicing through soil and roots,
moving soil and loose material (因是flat blade,橫切斷的功能更強)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Spade, hoe, shovel and rake are different
garden tools. You can use a spade to dig a hole, a hoe to make the soil loose,
and a shovel to shovel mud out, while you use a rake to make the earth smooth
and level before you put plants in.<br />
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<span style="background-color: lime; font-family: , serif;">參考資料</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">柯林斯英汉双解大词典</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: lime; mso-highlight: lime;">spade</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">N-COUNT A spade is a tool used
for digging, with a flat metal blade and a long handle. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">锹</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:…一把花园里使用的锹。</span><span lang="EN-US">...a garden spade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N-UNCOUNT-COLL
Spades is one of the four suits in a deck of playing cards. Each card in the suit
is marked with one or more black symbols: </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">♠</span><span lang="EN-US">. (</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">扑克牌中的</span><span lang="EN-US">) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">黑桃</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:…黑桃</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US">...the ace
of spades.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">3. N-COUNT A spade is a playing card of
this suit. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">黑桃牌</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:他要是现在出一张黑桃牌就更好了。</span><span lang="EN-US">He would have done
better to play a spade now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">牛津</span> <span lang="EN-US">(informal) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">現在他報了仇</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">毫不留情地。</span><span lang="EN-US">He’d got his revenge now, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in spades</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">朗文</span> <span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">直言不諱</span> <span lang="EN-US">call a spade a spade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">柯林斯英汉双解大词典</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: lime; mso-highlight: lime;">shovel</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N-COUNT
A shovel is a tool with a long handle that is used for lifting and moving
earth, coal, or snow. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">铲</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:…一把煤铲。</span><span lang="EN-US">...a coal shovel (是平頭的)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">2. V-T If you shovel earth, coal, or snow,
you lift and move it with a shovel. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">用铲挖</span><span lang="EN-US">; </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">铲起</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:他不得不出去铲雪。</span><span lang="EN-US">He has to get out and shovel
snow. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">3. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>V-T
If you shovel something somewhere, you push a lot of it quickly into that
place. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">把…大量送入</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:到处一片寂静,除了兰德尔正,他在忘乎所以地把食物大口大口地塞进嘴里的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">There was silence, except for Randall, who
was obliviously shovelling food into his mouth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">牛津</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: lime; mso-highlight: lime;">spatula</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">N-COUNT A spatula is an object
with a handle and a wide, flat blade. Spatulas are used in cooking. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">抹刀</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:用勺子把面糊放进准备好的平底锅,用抹刀把顶层涂平。</span><span lang="EN-US">Spoon the
batter into the prepared pan, smoothing over the top with a spatula.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">tongue depressor. A thin flat
instrument that doctors use for pressing the tongue down when they are
examining sb’s throat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">柯林斯英汉双解大词典</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: lime; mso-highlight: lime;">hoe</span><span lang="EN-US"> /həʊ/<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CET6+ TEM4 ( hoeing,
hoed, hoes )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N-COUNT
A hoe is a gardening tool with a long handle and a small square blade, which
you use to remove small weeds and break up the surface of the soil. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">锄头</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">2. V-T If you hoe a field or crop, you use
a hoe on the weeds or soil there. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">锄</span><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以除杂草或松土</span><span lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:我必须喂鸡,还得给土豆除草松土。</span><span lang="EN-US">I have to feed the
chickens and hoe the potatoes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: lime; mso-highlight: lime;">rake</span><span lang="EN-US"> /reɪk/<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CET6+ TEM8 ( raking,
raked, rakes )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N-COUNT
A rake is a garden tool consisting of a row of metal or wooden teeth attached
to a long handle. You can use a rake to make the earth smooth and level before
you put plants in, or to gather leaves together. (</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">长柄</span><span lang="EN-US">) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">耙子</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">2. V-T If you rake a surface, you move a
rake across it in order to make it smooth and level. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">耙平</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:耙平土,把种子按进土里,然后再把它轻轻地盖上。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Rake the soil, press the seed into it, then
cover it lightly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">3. V-T If you rake leaves or ashes, you
move them somewhere using a rake or a similar tool. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">耙</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:我看见男人们把树叶耙成堆。</span><span lang="EN-US">I watched the men rake
leaves into heaps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-26993706740866514002018-11-23T03:03:00.001-08:002018-11-23T03:05:47.531-08:00英語動起來一<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZXNyGPTxOXtZ1EE57JVDtYG1BwtOU_aUKaThGFwb0JREJVqTZgDoIFxlCZa07x72N6sBR2ps-6uCQ9Jg6HmGwTnRvpJdZDoNVDRQeOaO5IPAyTNXhvIRHtutmMMVoPoAgjTDWVnguumU/s1600/tableAteaSpoon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZXNyGPTxOXtZ1EE57JVDtYG1BwtOU_aUKaThGFwb0JREJVqTZgDoIFxlCZa07x72N6sBR2ps-6uCQ9Jg6HmGwTnRvpJdZDoNVDRQeOaO5IPAyTNXhvIRHtutmMMVoPoAgjTDWVnguumU/s320/tableAteaSpoon.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: , serif;">許多常見的名詞其實也可作動詞,第一集講湯匙及相應的延伸。</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Spoon</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">湯</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">匙</span> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體" , "serif";">近似用法的詞</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="EN-US">scoop </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">較深的匙,如舀雪糕的匙;</span><span lang="EN-US">ladle </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">長柄匙、大湯勺;</span><span lang="EN-US">fork.. into sb’s mouth/ on a plate)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">with a spoon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">spoon sth. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">方位介詞</span><span lang="EN-US">(up/out/into/over/from)
sth.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">n<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">According to table manners in England you should eat soup with a
spoon rather than pick up the bowl and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">gulp</b>([gʌlp]</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一大口</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">吞嚥</span><span lang="EN-US">) or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">guzzle</b>(['gʌz(ə)l] </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">暴食</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">狂飲</span><span lang="EN-US">) or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">slurp</b> ([slɜːp]</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">出聲地吃或喝</span><span lang="EN-US">) it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">n<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Spoon the sauce over the fish.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">[</span><span style="background: yellow; font-family: "新細明體" , "serif";">近似拼寫或近義詞</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">nuzzle</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> ['nʌz(ə)l] </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">不及物動詞</span> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">vi </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">依偎</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to nuzzle up to/against sb./sth. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">依偎著某人/某物</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">vt.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">及物動詞</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">拱</span><span lang="EN-US">; </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">擦</span><span lang="EN-US">]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">gobble</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> ['gɒb(ə)l] </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">狼吞虎咽</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Pete gobbled (up) all the beef stew. / Pete
gobbled all the beef stew up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">gorge</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> [gɔːdʒ] </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">狼吞虎咽</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I could spend each day gorging (myself) on
chocolate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Dawson takes revenge on the man by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">knif</b>ing him to death.</span> (<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">用刀砍人、攻擊人</span><span lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Hearing his own plans was like having a
knife twisted in his wound/ twisting(/turning) a knife in his wound.</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">伤口上撒盐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">]</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: lime; font-family: "新細明體" , "serif";">參考資料</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">柯林斯英汉双解大词典</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1. N-COUNT A spoon is an object used for
eating, stirring, and serving food. One end of it is shaped like a shallow bowl
and it has a long handle. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">勺</span><span lang="EN-US">; </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">匙</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">He stirred his coffee with a spoon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他用匙搅了搅咖啡。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2. V-T If you spoon food into something,
you put it there with a spoon. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">用勺舀</span><span lang="EN-US">; </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">用匙舀</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">He spooned instant coffee into two of the
mugs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">他用勺把速溶咖啡舀进了两个杯子里。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Yahoo
Dictionary <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">1. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">匙</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">a measuring spoon </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">量匙</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">to be born with a silver spoon in one's
mouth </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">生在富貴人家</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">2. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一匙</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">two spoons of sugar </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">兩匙糖</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">a level/heaped spoon (of sth.) </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一平匙/滿滿一匙(某物)</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">She spooned milk into the baby's mouth. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">她用湯匙把牛奶舀入嬰兒口中。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-20105645825108823292018-11-05T23:51:00.000-08:002019-01-02T00:28:34.932-08:00長跑時應摺起小腿/折疊小腿/將小腿提拉起? (根據多段影片分析)互聯網提供了大量的觀察素材。從分析多段視頻中的跑手及小孩在慢跑、跑步機上跑、快跑時的差異得出的<span style="color: blue;"><b>結論是</b></span>:當跑步<b><span style="color: blue;">速度很快且步幅夠大時</span></b>,大人細路的小腿<span style="color: blue;"><b>多數會自然地大程度摺起</b></span>,反之,跑得較慢時或步幅不大時(如第2段片中的馬拉松好手在跑步機上跑得很快,但步幅受限)小腿提拉幅度就小得多。<br />
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1.看慢動作分析馬拉松紀錄保持者 Eliud Kipchoge跑姿:<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=AUUtvywJc50">https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=AUUtvywJc50</a><br />
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AUUtvywJc50" width="560"></iframe>
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2. 在National Geographic拍的Breaking2 | Documentary Special中發現包括 Eliud在內的頂級運動員在慢跑時、跑步機上的小腿摺疊角度明顯減少。<br />
<br />
4:07慢跑時,5:45跑步機,7:35跑步機,11:32慢跑,11:40慢跑,37:50開始挑戰<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2ZLG-Fij_4" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2ZLG-Fij_4</a><br />
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V2ZLG-Fij_4" width="560"></iframe>
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3.下列的大學、中學、小學、幼童大步快跑時幾乎都摺起小腿:<br />
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2015中原大學 小運會 男子4000公尺大隊接力 決賽<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWjZvKJznuI" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWjZvKJznuI</a><br />
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EWjZvKJznuI?start=155" width="560"></iframe>
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2012台積電運動會六千公尺大隊接力<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47LuUG--9_4" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47LuUG--9_4</a><br />
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麗山高中208大隊接力~~~~帥呆了啦!!!!!!!<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcBM-BmK5E8" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcBM-BmK5E8</a><br />
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基樂小學低年級60米短跑<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-1wPAaXtEI" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-1wPAaXtEI</a><br />
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非洲小童 (影片一開始時) (緊接的片段可見跑步高手慢跑時折疊程度小得多)<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFBvlFqXkOA" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFBvlFqXkOA</a><br />
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NFBvlFqXkOA" width="560"></iframe>
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4.王田 (往績10K34分、半馬75分)-在不同配速時小腿折疊角度差異<br />
<a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/2ce20c049aff">https://www.jianshu.com/p/2ce20c049aff</a><br />
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配速 6 min/km 跑姿<br />
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配速 5 min/km 跑姿
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<a href="http://motranslator.blogspot.com/2018/10/running-posture-videos.html" style="color: #00476a; text-decoration-line: none;">跑步姿勢及要點的視頻 ( 長跑腳落地、步頻步幅、熱身拉伸、鞋的選擇、防中暑) running posture videos</a></h3>
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<br />筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-59583969744614314732018-10-09T23:40:00.002-07:002018-11-07T19:37:16.342-08:00跑步姿勢及要點的視頻 ( 長跑腳落地、步頻步幅、熱身拉伸、鞋的選擇、防中暑) running posture videos 跑步初學者、跑步愛好者都想或都曾想瞭解怎樣跑較有效率,下列的基本要點是我自身經驗及閱讀資料的簡單總結,下附視頻則是網上搜集的匯總。<br />
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好跑姿的基本要點<br />
<b>頭</b>:不低頭、向前看,口鼻隨跑速均勻呼吸。<br />
<b>身</b>:挺直微向前傾,肩放鬆,軀幹避免擺動。<br />
<b>手</b>:上下臂夾角約90度自然擺動,不過軀幹中線。<br />
<b>腿</b>:跨步勿過大致腳掌着地時產生阻力,腿於腳掌着地時勿全直可減膝受力。小腿後收,可見於大步幅又高速跑的高手及兒童,似乎是自然而然的事。摺起小腿,或能如摺短了的竹竿減少風阻,亦利用了小腿肌肉後摺時的推進力,但小步幅及不夠快的話,摺起反而會浪費力氣。(見我另一篇"<a href="http://motranslator.blogspot.com/2018/11/blog-post.html">跑步時應摺起小腿?</a>"的分析))<br />
<b>腳掌</b>:選擇前、中或後腳掌着地,視乎習慣、跑步距離、上下坡或梯級。短跑時前掌着地。長跑視乎個人,在學術研究上沒得出三種哪種更優的結論。重點是腳掌落地時在整個人的重心下方。<br />
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<b>步幅、步頻</b>:短跑大步幅。長跑視乎個人,在世界級選手中有人以大步幅取勝,也有人以加快步頻增速。一般情況下,同距離同速度的話,快步頻、小步幅腳受的衝擊力較小,受傷風險也相應較低。有說每分鐘180步左右是理想步頻,但部分有奧運參賽資格的跑手也就170而已。<br />
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<b>熱身及跑後拉伸</b>:跑前勿過度拉伸,如要做拉伸也應先跑幾百米。跑後拉伸比跑前拉伸更重要。<br />
<b>換跑姿</b>:如要改變跑步姿勢,應逐步適應,改變太大太快可能會受傷。<br />
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<b>鞋的選擇</b>:選舒適的跑鞋,鞋底前後厚度應相若。一般要厚於2cm才夠保護。厚底的緩衝力比中底、薄底高,但厚底的彈力會令騰空時間相應增加,或使跑速減慢,因而可按需選擇。早出晚歸者應選傍晚時間去買鞋,整日活動下來,重力作用使腳掌因充血稍增大。<br />
<b>水、電解質和糖的補充</b>:長跑視乎距離及速度,一般跑3至5公里喝一次水,距離長和天氣炎熱的話,應適量補充鹽等電解質,若距離很長也應補充糖分。<br />
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<b>防中暑:</b>天氣炎熱時尤應注意防中暑,可提早起步,選陰涼地方跑,倘出現頭暈、作嘔或抽筋等中暑前兆或徵狀,應減速甚至休息。懷疑中暑時,應到陰涼處休息,最好有人扶,並降溫、補水及電解質,很不適時就緊記要召喚救護車,因中暑嚴重時可致急性內臟衰竭,甚至死亡。<br />
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運動謬誤你要知! (雷雄德博士) Part 1 (打籃球助增高?吃飯後運動致闌尾炎?)<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX7Qeucn-MY" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX7Qeucn-MY</a><br />
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運動謬誤你要知! (雷雄德博士) Part 2 (Sit up、玩呼拉圈可減肚腩?跑步可運用超過90%的肌肉。人體有約6百多塊肌肉)<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieI7hW5mA68&t=201s" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieI7hW5mA68&t=201s</a><br />
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【最強生命線】長跑創傷 (TVB 20180115)<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0dyMmDLYEc" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0dyMmDLYEc</a><br />
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跑步姿勢必備心法
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_zLQeoAGPPQ?rel=0&showinfo=0" width="560"></iframe>
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包括帶坐輪椅者一同跑的要領<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V_ni_hWTx_E" width="560"></iframe>
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什么是姿势跑法?(註:說是某博士所創的跑法,還設立了認證之類的,但不代表就是權威)
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NJkcI8pAT80" width="560"></iframe>
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兩跑步高手,男講解,女試範。當中提到小腿後收的練習<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wRkeBVMQSgg" width="560"></iframe><br />
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慢動作拆解世界馬拉松紀錄保持者Eliud Kipchoge的跑姿(埃利烏德·基普喬蓋)<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AUUtvywJc50" width="560"></iframe>
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日本頂級選手的跑姿<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Khtc-BNCkIY" width="560"></iframe><br />
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Haile Gebrselassie跑姿的慢動作,他曾是多項長跑紀錄的保持者(基比拉沙)<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y41U9fms58A" width="560"></iframe>
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傳奇跑手基比拉沙在新加坡講解熱身、跑姿及訓練要訣<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ab3ZZN3zV9A" width="560"></iframe>
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按心率計算較佳的個人步頻<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wAIW7MWFiT8" width="560"></iframe>
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依心率計量跑步訓練強度各級的目的和原理(乳酸漏斗)
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IPcEK9oSa3A" width="560"></iframe>
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雷雄德博士講解跑步裝備<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/W9qfT54BTlw?start=169" width="560"></iframe>
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什麼是長課Long Steady Run,間歇跑Interval Training, 節奏跑或乳酸門檻跑Tempo Run?<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/a_V3DQZ9-wg" width="560"></iframe>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-83153429929984513872018-09-20T03:02:00.001-07:002018-09-20T03:14:01.680-07:00茶葉的分類圖片(按發酵程度、顏色、季節、萎凋、加工方法、日本茶類等)想簡略瞭解下茶的分類,於是找了下附的多幅圖片及資料:<br />
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從健康角度考慮,應不喝後發酵茶,免喝下霉菌的毒素;還應避免沒事去喝藥用保健茶。<br />
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來源:<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60iOvUr5DDQ" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60iOvUr5DDQ</a><br />
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來源:<a href="http://www.368tea.com/uchome/space.php?uid=286747&do=blog&id=7476" target="_blank">http://www.368tea.com/uchome/space.php?uid=286747&do=blog&id=7476</a><br />
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來源:<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" target="_blank">https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E</a><br />
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來源:<a href="http://www.gtes.ilc.edu.tw/infoseed2/course/teacyber/tea/category.htm" target="_blank">http://www.gtes.ilc.edu.tw/infoseed2/course/teacyber/tea/category.htm</a><br />
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來源:<a href="http://windmill.tacocity.com.tw/tcls/page/tea005.htm" target="_blank">http://windmill.tacocity.com.tw/tcls/page/tea005.htm</a><br />
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來源:<a href="https://teasanity.com/2018/02/22/what-are-the-six-categories-of-tea-that-you-drink/" target="_blank">https://teasanity.com/2018/02/22/what-are-the-six-categories-of-tea-that-you-drink/</a>筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-83796094095523986772018-09-05T01:13:00.001-07:002018-09-05T01:13:30.733-07:00讀後感:閱讀城市.程 文<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2011-07/22/content_613376.htm" style="background-color: white; color: #286ea0; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: 新細明體; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(聲色點擊)閱讀城市</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> .</span></span><span style="font-family: 新細明體; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">程</span> <span style="font-family: 新細明體; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">文</span></a><br />
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黑色為原文,綠色為小弟的讀後感。</div>
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到了外地,習慣看人看建築去了解一個城市。怎樣的市民便有怎樣的城市。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">我也喜歡看人,無論旅行,還是在家附近的公園閒坐時,嘆著舒心飲品,靜看別人一動一靜,趣意盎然。</span>)</div>
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前兩天的香港《信報》副刋有作者寫道:“在未‘拉斯維加斯化’之前,慵懶、寧靜和似乎一無所求的澳門,的確給分秒必爭,每天在名利場中打滾的香港人一種近乎奇蹟的感覺……”莫說外地人,本地居民如我,心目中從前的澳門也是“慵懶、寧靜”,不單住在小城的人是這般,連星羅棋佈的小街小巷,毫不張揚的建築物也是這般,整個城市的氣質就兩個字:優閒。怎似得今天,超高廈拔地而起,民衆急躁急功,財色酒氣呑噬了往日的寧靜,財大氣粗才是今天的寫照。這些,用不着外地人說,我們往街上一站便看到了。</div>
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<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">澳門在博彩業開放後,無論是人、車、塵、高樓、噪音都比前多了。近年不少人評論澳門情況時,建議大家不要再用過去的標準去看澳門,叫澳門人看開點,有得必有失。這點我理解,但是眼見長大的地方,居住環境今不如昔,難免慨歎。</span>)<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />同樣,站在廣州、上海、北京、奈良、悉尼、里斯本、西雅圖的街道,我也看到形形色色市民、建築匯流成的不同城市個性和面貌。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />觀察城市的市民,最好的場所莫過於公交。我坐過北京的地鐵無數次,總弄不明白兩件事:一是車廂裏怎那麼臭和悶熱?二是怎麼不見乘客閱讀?<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">公交是觀察市民的最好場所?我想有其他更好的地方吧。雖說地鐵較穩,但多少會晃動,是否適合閱讀的環境,我會打個問號。</span>)<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />書店是我喜歡北京的原因之一,這個擁有全國最好人文書店的歷史文化古城,我從來不曾在公交上看到民衆安靜看書閱報的亮麗城市風景,卻經常給乘客粗俗粗野粗魯的行為嚇得目瞪口呆。諸如操着流利京片子說話的舌頭,能捲出無數彎的男乘客大庭廣衆拉起上衣起勁揉肚滿腸肥的豬腩肉,從上車到下車一直忙碌且勤快地搓揉,不知是想搓出“老泥”還是想自行“搣脂減肥”。又或一臉憤世嫉俗的中男竟如搗蛋少年郞般狂搖車廂扶手桿,讓我想起曾在別的城市地鐵扶手柱旁見着的一句標語:“請勿攀爬”,這句敎我笑出眼淚又感莫名其妙的溫馨提示,原來很有必要,以後還得加上“請勿搖撼”、“請勿撞柱”。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">幾個月前去北京玩了幾天,因早已去過長城等較遠的景點,所以當時選擇地鐵作為主要的交通工具。機場、鳥巢、國家圖書館、天安門、王府井的線路,轉坐公車去798、南鑼鼓巷前搭的地鐵線,以及中間的轉乘線路都搭過,感覺非如作者所言那麼差。臭味嗎?也沒甚麼印象。又或我當時的臭覺靈敏度受機場、多處街道、以至地鐵站內都不時飄散著的棉絮影響。地鐵上倒見過讓坐的人,玩電子產品的男女老少,穿行車廂中的行乞者。那趟旅程,北京人給我的總體感覺還算不錯,只是那裡的空氣較差而已。</span>)<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />上一輩人雄心壯志提出超英趕美,半個世紀過去,今天腰包鼓脹的國人依舊矮人半截,無法超越的是人的本質。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">人的本質包含</span><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">善</span><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">惡兩面,任何國家都有好人與壞人。要改善,需要長時間地、身體力行地去學習、培養,才能盡可能地隱惡揚善,這裡指的非戴面具或披羊皮的玩意。</span>)</div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-2002358827019234462018-09-05T01:11:00.004-07:002018-09-05T01:12:47.792-07:00讀後感:心靈的秘密.陶 里<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2011-07/23/content_613701.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">(多楓嶺)心靈的秘密.陶 里 (加拿大)</a></div>
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黑字為原文,綠字為讀後感。</div>
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心理學家說,有某些人的心靈是一座監牢,囚禁着曾經傷害他的人,每當夜深人靜,尤其是他受挫折時候,他旣是主控官又是法官,提審犯人,任意斥責,拷問和審判,最後在詛咒和辱駡聲中把犯人還押監房。</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: green; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(很好的比喻。讀至此,我探頭入心窗內,沒發現別人,赫然發現自己的身影。每當沒把事情做妥或不夠好時,我習慣性地拷問自己點解沒這樣那樣做,否則就會做得更好,或許頂上的白髮增多與此有關。是時候特赦,今天就放自己出來。)</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 這樣的主控官和法官很痛苦。誰是他們呢?那並不容易發現,因為這行為屬於心靈的秘密。“畫虎畫皮難畫骨,知人知面不知心”,古人已經為我們詮釋人心叵測。的確,當我們與人對面而坐,其人沉默不語而若有所思,不是他肚裡蛔蟲,安知他想些什麼呢。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: green; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(看官是這樣的主控官和法官?辭職吧,又沒錢收,還要浪費精神。)</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 內心是七情喜、怒、哀、樂、愛、惡、慾的總樞紐。喜與樂經常一齊出現,內心理應是個正面世界,但慾產生的名、利、權、貪、食、色即六慾的力量,往往主宰內心世界,使它成為野獸出沒的黑森林。當人的名、利、權三慾得到滿足而且不斷增加,人的社會地位發生變化,成為權貴,貪、食、色三慾必隨之膨脹,人由鹿而為狼虎。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: green; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(莫說政治人物,普通人的慾望也是無止境的,總想出類拔粹、高人一等、歎世界。包括在下的內心,也不時有隻魔鬼在慫恿自己去追名逐利,想著怎樣可以投資賺錢,幹些甚麼可以獲得更多人的認同。)</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 當今網絡世代,年輕人成為網絡俘虜,滿腦袋資訊,缺乏思考能力,智慧不足。加上美國實施的霸權主義和它的流行文化渲染的後現代主義所影響,使個人主義和無政府主義交配,誕生怪胎自我;又使自我的心靈與反體制的人權思潮扯在一起,成為狂躁力量,分化和顚覆傳統法治,引起機構、社區、社會內部不安。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: green; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(的確,涉及人權問題,需要冷靜思考,勿無限上綱上線。)</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 要解決人的心靈狂躁,學校、學者、治安當局,看來已聲嘶力竭,疲於奔命,只有宗敎才不致絕望。其實基督徒淨化心靈不外《聖經》內十三個字所列的三件事:“要常常喜樂;不住禱吿,凡事謝恩。”要明白其中秘奧,且先聽俄國鼎鼎大名短篇小說家契柯夫的的〈打賭〉故事:</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 一個銀行家與一個靑年打賭,假如靑年願意坐牢十八年,期滿之後,領取三百萬盧布奬金。靑年答應並且坐牢,銀行家供給日常生活所需。靑年起初以飮食來解決寂寞。過了幾年,他變得癡肥和酗酒,每逢酒醒,更覺寂寞,於是要求讀書。多年之後,他學懂了幾國文字,又讀了中央圖書館一半的書,有學問了。但寂寞和痛苦比以前又增加多倍。最後幾年,他認眞地讀《聖經》,心靈澄明了,不再寂寞痛苦。當還有幾個小時期滿出獄,他拿起《聖經》自行回家,放棄領取奬金,挽救面臨破產的銀行家。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: green; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(這個故事,早已拜讀。若以自身境況代入角色,覺得現職每天朝九晚六,一星期五天,幹著重覆的工作,自己多少也在為錢出賣靈魂。有別的更想從事的職業,但又因現職收入、福利及環境都尚算不錯,而未願捨棄。)</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 契柯夫近百年前已指出《聖經》的價値,以我們所知而論,《聖經》對於價値觀混亂、人心躁動的當代,更有淨化人心的普世意義。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: green; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(聖經有導人向善的主張,這點很好,但總把一切的榮耀功勞都歸於上帝、耶穌,指一切東西都由聖人安排,果真如此,那人類做的一切壞事也由聖人安排,那豈非是大整蠱,所以我不認同。在下認為,佛經以個人的善惡報為核心的理念更值得推崇。善有善報具普世意義,雖然個人的善行未必由自己獲得回報,但人人行善則善報遍萬家。)</span>筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-69363676099341133292018-09-05T01:11:00.001-07:002018-09-05T01:11:59.197-07:00讀後感:老師的潛在課程與德育/學 師;愛·被同化/心 言<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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黑字為原文,綠字為評論。</div>
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<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2011-07/25/content_614255.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">老師的潛在課程與德育/學 師</a><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> ……老師必須要懂得利用隱性課程中的積極元素來進行道德敎育,同時亦要知道避免其相反的一面而帶來反效果。</div>
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<br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> ……有個別老師不顧專業形象,在全校師生集會中,經常看手機或與其他老師傾談。試問我們的老師當其時向學生在傳遞一個怎樣的訊息?……抵銷顯性課程中吿訴學生的應如何尊重集體的內容?現代道德認知發展理論的創立者柯爾伯格認為,隱性課程是一種眞正的道德敎育課程,比其他的顯性課程更具影響力!</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> ……很多很好的老師,他們雖然不是擔任品德與公民科的導師,但是他們深知自己的言談舉止、品德操守,都是學生的潛在課程;他們除了具備豐富的學科知識外,更重要的是能向學生展示自身的人格魅力,為學生創設了適宜於道德學習的人為環境。所謂的個人特質,包括例如重視合宜的衣着、以禮待人、言談得體、謙虛謹愼及言行一致等,學生素質就會在敎師人格的潛移默化影響中得到提升。……</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: green; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">上文談論道德教育的問題,旨在提醒教師隱性課程有時較顯性課程,更具實效。文中指的隱性課程實際上即“以身作則”。不同的字詞在人的觀念上有或大或小的差異,有時我們對某一個詞沒多大反應,但換一個近義詞卻能刺激我們的思想神經,這與各人的經歷有關。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2011-07/25/content_614256.htm" style="background-color: white; color: #286ea0; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">愛·被同化/心 言</a><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 在公園散步時,遇見鄰家小男孩。小男孩大概四、五歲,跟隨母親前來玩耍。男孩拿着一些宣傳單張走到我的跟前說:“姐姐,摺飛機!摺飛機!”……</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 我給小男孩摺了兩隻紙飛機,他高興得蹦蹦跳跳,像隻快樂的小兔子,學着我上次敎他的方法去放飛手中的紙飛機。紙飛機在空中繞了半個圈,然後徐徐降落在地上,男孩蹲下來再拾起紙飛機:“姐姐,我們一起放……</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 我跟小男孩的舉止被站在一旁的兩個男孩盡收眼底,他們一個八歲、一個十歲,兩人手中都有一部PSP遊戲機。歲數較大的男孩對小男孩母親輕聲說:“紙飛機有甚麼好玩?”小男孩母親回過頭,溫柔地反問大男孩:“那你這個遊戲機又有什麼好玩?”“當然好玩!”說着,扭過頭,又沉浸在遊戲機中。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">……我很深刻、清楚記得這母親當初是如何反問那個PSP玩遊戲機的男孩。可一轉身,她卻用這冷冰冰的電子產品來增進他們之間的親子情!</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> 我們愛潮流,也愛比較,怕跟生活圈中的人找不到共同話題、興趣、愛好,但是為甚麼偏偏要追求“人有我有”的虛榮心?千篇一律的生活方式、千篇一律的敎育方法,在成人的渲染和敎育下,孩子怎會逃得過被電子產品同化的宿命?……</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: green; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">引文末段很好地點出了現代人需反省的地方。潮流為何物,會否等同於跟尾狗般追隨別人?電子產品無處不在的今天,我們會否過分沉迷於電子世界中,以至很多時忘卻人與人之間面對面交流的樂趣,及融入大自然的暢快?</span>筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-32306333404102648202018-09-05T01:09:00.002-07:002018-09-05T01:09:51.048-07:00淺析情理與法理的關係<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">要明瞭情理與法理的關係,先要弄清兩者各自的概念。</span><br />
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情理是指人情的道理,即在社會中人與人、人與自然相處的道理、禮儀、道德觀念等。情理由人與人、人與自然互動中逐漸約定俗成,是得到大家認同的,而且會隨社會的發展而變化。不同地方的情理,因文化和生活環境差異而有所不同。</div>
<a name='more'></a><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />法理是指法律的道理和理據,既存在於法律條文的字裡行間,亦植根於制定法律的指導思想中。<br />
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立法的目的,是規範某地區的人的義務和權利、辦事程序和犯事懲罰等。制定法律的依據,自然是社會的民情、獲普遍認同的規矩等,亦即情理,故而有云“法律不外乎人情”。</div>
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當社會的情理隨著社會發展變更時,法理也需隨之更新和完善。例如,隨著互聯網發展的一日千里,網上犯罪也日益增多,政府有必要因應實際情況,制定法例去監管網絡的安全、去懲罰不法分子,以彰顯法律規範公民的義務和保護公民的權利不受侵害的功能。又如,過去人們吸煙的自由是不受限制的,但隨著社會對香煙的危害性的認識,為了大眾的健康,不少政府對香煙的售賣、廣告加以限制,訂定禁煙法,並且有意將禁煙區擴展至更多的公眾場所。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />上述兩個例子,顯示出情理能推動法理的變更;反過來,法理又會通過法律的教化功能來影響情理,如禁煙法出台,加強了市民對吸煙及吸二手煙危害的認知,促使越來越多人反對吸煙的陋習。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />儘管情理與法理應並行前進,但兩者的步調時有不一致的情況,致使生活中出現情理能容法理難容,或情理不容法理能容的情況。誠然,存在情理與法理不兼容的問題,除卻因為法律的滯後外,還可能歸因於法律的漏洞、灰色地帶,當權者或立法者的疏失、弄權,不一而足。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />人是理性與情緒的混合體。同一個人就同類事件,會因應對象不同,心情不同而可能作出大相徑庭的判斷。假設某便利店先後發生兩起偷竊事件,被同一店員人贜並獲,店員因認識其中一個竊賊,覺得對方情有可原放了他;而卻在另一起事件中,店員將不認識的竊賊送官究治。站在情理角度,相信不少人也會這樣處理。但若以法理角度分析,判案者不能把“是否認識作案人”納入裁決的準則,而應考慮案件本身的情節,包括案件的嚴重性、作案動機等去判案。因此,法理是超出情理的。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />然而,鑒於社會實際情況的變化多樣,法律條文不可能鉅細靡遺地窮舉一切判案細則,因而情理在判案時,如在量刑方面,有其不可取替的重要性。再以便利店偷竊案為例,假設三個人在便利店偷了價值相等的物品,若不考慮別的情況,理應受同等懲罰。但若一人為慣偷,另一人因幾天沒飯吃而逼不得已去偷,第三人為精神病患者,法官在判案時就會依據證據、各方的供詞及相關條文判疑犯有罪還是無罪,再據法律容許的量刑範圍,依情理不同而量刑有別,可能會是判慣偷刑罰較重,為勢所逼的偷竊者刑罰較輕,患精神病的則交予精神病院治療和看護。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />綜上所述,法理與情理關係緊密,法理奠基於情理且兩者互動性強。作為裁決的依據,法理撇開情理的主觀性,突顯客觀性,使法律面前人人平等成為可能,但由於世情的複雜,情理在法律規條中佔著無可取代的地位。</div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-69311637083017188772018-09-05T01:09:00.000-07:002018-09-05T01:09:55.730-07:00勿誤解:〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(三)<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">近期〈</span><a href="http://www.court.gov.cn/qwfb/sfjs/201108/t20110815_159794.htm" style="background-color: white; color: #286ea0; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(三)</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">引起熱議的條文主要為第七條及第十條:</span><br />
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第七条 婚后由一方父母出资为子女购买的不动产,产权登记在出资人子女名下的,可按照婚姻法第十八条第(三)项的规定,视为只对自己子女一方的赠与,该不动产应认定为夫妻一方的个人财产。<a name='more'></a></blockquote>
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第十条 夫妻一方婚前签订不动产买卖合同,以个人财产支付首付款并在银行贷款,婚后用夫妻共同财产还贷,不动产登记于首付款支付方名下的,离婚时该不动产由双方协议处理。</blockquote>
<br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">支持的一方多著重保護男方,認為男女結婚不會再為房子結婚,可以讓婚姻的締結回歸愛情本身。男方在離婚糾紛中有了法律保障。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">反對的一方較袒護女方,指倘若離婚,女方可能會被趕出家們,在婚姻生活中女性為家庭負出的血汗、時間、青春將通通付諸流水,搞不好最終三失──失去老公、子女、住房,釀成人間悲劇。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">正反雙方誰更有理,見仁見智,但出現熱議的情況,既因向錢看的勢頭過盛,以及住房貴得太離譜外,還因爭辯雙方以偏概全,沒查看婚姻法的其他條文。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br />
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<a href="http://www.gov.cn/banshi/2005-08/21/content_25037.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">中华人民共和国婚姻法(修正)</a><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> 第十七条 夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间所得的下列财产,归夫妻共同所有:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (一)工资、奖金;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (二)生产、经营的收益;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (三)知识产权的收益;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (四)继承或赠与所得的财产,但本法第十八条第三项规定的除外;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (五)其他应当归共同所有的财产。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> 夫妻对共同所有的财产,有平等的处理权。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> 第十八条 有下列情形之一的,为夫妻一方的财产:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (一)一方的婚前财产;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (二)一方因身体受到伤害获得的医疗费、残疾人生活补助费等费用;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (三)<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">遗嘱或赠与合同中确定只归夫或妻一方的财产;</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (四)一方专用的生活用品;<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> (五)其他应当归一方的财产。</blockquote>
<br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">按上引的婚姻法第十七條及第十八條規定,中國內地的婚姻財產制度,默認婚前分產,婚後共產(除遺產或贈與中只歸一方的財產)。默認的意思是沒有婚前協定的情況下才是這樣。但〈婚姻法〉第十九條,明文規定雙方可以書面形式協定財產制度。</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br />
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第十九条 夫妻可以约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产归各自所有、共同所有或部分各自所有、部分共同所有。约定应当采用书面形式。没有约定或约定不明确的,适用本法第十七条、第十八条的规定。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> 夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产的约定,对双方具有约束力。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> 夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产约定归各自所有的,夫或妻一方对外所负的债务,第三人知道该约定的,以夫或妻一方所有的财产清偿。</blockquote>
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<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />本文探究的〈中華人民共和國婚姻法〉若干問題的解釋(三)第七條及第十條,即房子歸誰的問題,針對的是沒有婚前約定的,或約定婚前分產、婚後共產的情況,解釋婚前財產的歸屬問題。該解釋起釋疑、排解糾紛的作用,而非硬性規定必須按之分配財產。</div>
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結婚雙方有選擇的自由,可選擇"婚後所得的財産以及婚前財産歸各自所有、共同所有或部分各自所有、部分共同所有。" 無論協定如何分配財產,或不作協定而按法律默示選擇婚前分產婚後共產,均出於雙方自願,那麼還有甚麼好爭辯?</div>
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補充一下,關於解釋的第十條,有人只看到"不动产登记于首付款支付方名下的",就議論紛紛,卻沒看清緊接的"离婚时该不动产由双方协议处理",而且該條還有如下第二款。只要認真讀一讀,也就沒有爭論的餘地了。</div>
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依前款规定不能达成协议的,人民法院可以判决该不动产归产权登记一方,尚未归还的贷款为产权登记一方的个人债务。双方婚后共同还贷支付的款项及其相对应财产增值部分,离婚时应根据婚姻法第三十九条第一款规定的原则,由产权登记一方对另一方进行补偿。 </div>
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_____________________________________________________<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />相關條文:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">中华人民共和国婚姻法(修正)</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />第六条 结婚年龄,男不得早于二十二周岁,女不得早于二十周岁。晚婚晚育应予鼓励。</div>
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第三十九条 离婚时,夫妻的共同财产由双方协议处理;协议不成时,由人民法院根据财产的具体情况,照顾子女和女方权益的原则判决。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(三)</strong><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />第五条 夫妻一方个人财产在婚后产生的收益,除孳息和自然增值外,应认定为夫妻共同财产。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />由双方父母出资购买的不动产,产权登记在一方子女名下的,该不动产可认定为双方按照各自父母的出资份额按份共有,但当事人另有约定的除外。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />第十条 夫妻一方婚前签订不动产买卖合同,以个人财产支付首付款并在银行贷款,婚后用夫妻共同财产还贷,不动产登记于首付款支付方名下的,离婚时该不动产由双方协议处理。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />依前款规定不能达成协议的,人民法院可以判决该不动产归产权登记一方,尚未归还的贷款为产权登记一方的个人债务。双方婚后共同还贷支付的款项及其相对应财产增值部分,离婚时应根据婚姻法第三十九条第一款规定的原则,由产权登记一方对另一方进行补偿。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />第十一条 一方未经另一方同意出售夫妻共同共有的房屋,第三人善意购买、支付合理对价并办理产权登记手续,另一方主张追回该房屋的,人民法院不予支持。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />夫妻一方擅自处分共同共有的房屋造成另一方损失,离婚时另一方请求赔偿损失的,人民法院应予支持。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />第十二条 婚姻关系存续期间,双方用夫妻共同财产出资购买以一方父母名义参加房改的房屋,产权登记在一方父母名下,离婚时另一方主张按照夫妻共同财产对该房屋进行分割的,人民法院不予支持。购买该房屋时的出资,可以作为债权处理。</div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-12798531211488734462018-09-05T01:07:00.001-07:002018-09-05T01:10:13.290-07:00中文的外文註解<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "lucida grande" , "verdana" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">在閱讀中文文章時,感覺遇到附英文註解的行文較從前多,此類註解有時是必須的,有時卻是多餘的,而且會影響讀者的思維。</span><br />
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名字註解,如比爾.蓋茨 (Bill Gate),若不加英文註解Bill Gate,相信港澳人一般不會誤解,但對於另一音譯比爾蓋茲,或許會稍有懷疑,世界前首富的名字尚且如此,其餘較沒知名度的人名若不加入原名更易引起誤會,兼且全球近70億人,同名同姓的大有人在,故人名的原文註解實有必要。地方名亦然。<br />
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世界事物日新月異,文化間交流空前頻繁,將新概念引入中文時,不少作者會加上註釋,以便讀者理解,但當這些概念已為人熟悉時,後面仍拖著個括號及註解,會顯得累贅。更甚者,有作者會在一些中文原有之詞後,無端加註釋,此等情況實屬多餘,讀者還可能因之浪費腦汁思考外文意思、作者的用意。這類例子俯拾皆是,例如:</div>
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誠然,“做好呢份工”本無不妥,但為人詬病者,就是欠缺了熱誠(Enthusiasm)和激情(Passion)。</blockquote>
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試問,“熱誠”和“激情”的意思,有需要用英文來解釋?</div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-1710862593097608762018-09-05T01:05:00.003-07:002018-09-05T01:07:39.624-07:00讀後感:(斷章寫義)誰的家? .鏏 而<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2012-06/29/content_711092.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">(斷章寫義)誰的家? .鏏 而</a></div>
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黑字為原文,綠字為讀後感。</div>
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人撤走了,動物們卻只能束手無策地,面對人類的任性。</div>
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【《被遺忘的動物們:日本福島第一核電厰警戒區紀實》,作者:太田康介,葉韋利譯,行人出版社,二○一二年三月七日】</div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(牠們在充滿輻射的廢墟中生存會否誕下如某些電影裡的暴力怪胎?機會極微,但可預見殘疾的下一代。)</span></div>
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<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> 朋友在網上討論 “保護遺棄動物協會被逼遷”一事,我突然想起以上影集:福島電厰因地震面臨危機,日本當局緊急撤離居民,而動物卻束手無策地等待死亡。攝影師太田康介帶着貓狗飼料、水和相機衝入福島警戒區,尋找這些被遺忘的動物們,並拍下書中的照片,藉以吿訴世人——這不是人類獨有的家,我們要對活着的其他生命負責。</div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(無論是人還是寵物,要生要養之前都須三思,腦中應有“一生一世”的概念。)</span></div>
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大難臨頭各自飛的情況雖不合理,但相對於我們的國家卻是微不足道。中國是個出名“上天下地盡可吃”的民族,為了取得珍貴物料,獵殺野生動物情況甚為普遍。就連經濟環境比較優越的澳門,政府一聲 “發展”,便可破壞鷺鳥的家;居民一句“不想”,到民署簽紙即可棄養寵物;早陣子臉書更熱傳一張吿示,某大廈晩間蛙鳴吵耳招人投訴,管理處全面開展滅蛙行動。凡此種種,盡顯“以人為本”之霸道。</div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(不單人與人之間,其實人與動物或生物之間都親疏有別。</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">食肉者覺得不人道劏豬殺牛取魚翅的人,應該受責;愛狗愛貓的,覺得吃狗吃貓的人無血性;素食者認為食肉者殘忍。</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">不過,就算嚴格素食者也並非就愛護所有生命,會呼吸有嗅覺的植物與動物疏遠到祖宗一億代以上,大啖之當然無需客氣;若在路上遇見文中提到的蛙類,我想多數人不忍心一腳踩死;但對於蟑螂、蚊蟲,嚴格素食者,可一樣會照拍照踩不誤,甚至慈悲為懷的和尚也可能如此。</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">這就是親疏之別。)</span></div>
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“家,是所有生命的出發點……”和兒子一起閱讀繪本《我在森林有個家》時,我特別向他解釋此話——家就是地球,是屬於所有生物的。不久,我和學生在家爭論南海主權問題,年僅七歲的兒子竟說——媽媽,你說過的,地球是所有生物的家,海洋是給魚住的……我被一言驚醒,當各國都翻出史實,自以為主的時候,事實卻是——那是海洋生物的家,誰都無權以戰爭去破壞她。</div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(小孩子的良善,有時會令大人汗顏。政治角力,國家間爭土地是久已有之的人性陰暗面。近期歐美日多國聯手逼中國放寬稀土出口,自家的稀土卻珍而藏之,滿口人義道德背後隱藏的嘴臉,如同無線劇集《心戰》的人物般,他們自己也分不清正邪。)</span></div>
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弟弟是愛狗之人,但因為解決不了“寵物絕育”的思想包袱,一直沒有養狗。“你不養,總有人養,寵物須絕育的問題還是沒有解決!”我經常這樣質疑他,而他卻總是義正詞嚴地說:“有求才有供,少一個人養狗,便少一隻必須絕育的狗!”我一直無法理清這邏輯。今天,回歸到遺棄動物收容所的問題,我卻忽然有了一點頭緖——少一些遺棄寵物的人,便不需要更多的收容所。而如果,地球是所有生物的家,動物便不需要被收養,牠們理應有權在自己的家,過更有尊嚴的生活。</div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(在現代城市,放生的雀鳥、魚、爬蟲類及兩棲類等動物,還較易存活繁衍,但狗和貓呢?建個貓狗動物園?那只算圈養。留土地給牠們?就算有足夠的土地,城市裡或周邊山頭野嶺的生態環境,早已非狗貓科動物可適應,俗語有話:放佢地都唔生。</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">還家給貓狗?要請教其他人的高見。)</span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-26998328325419107992018-09-05T01:04:00.001-07:002018-09-05T01:05:23.408-07:00讀後感:(雜 談)性格決定壽命 / 阿 彭<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">黑字為原文,綠字為讀後感。</span> (讀後感中作出了較直接的批評,但並不等於對原文作者寫作水平的批判,更不意味著我的能力有多高,只是嘗試"雞蛋裡挑骨頭<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">。)</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2014-07/02/content_915325.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">(雜 談)性格決定壽命 / 阿 彭</a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">莎士比亞有句名言:“性格決定命運。”原來,除了命運,性格還可以決定一個人的壽命。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(用名家名言作引子,增強文章的可信性,不過“性格決定命運”是莎翁的名言嗎?)</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 有人將世人分為六種:一是經常自找氣生者,叫“小人”,即小心眼之人,這種人聽到張三駡李四也往心裡塞,以為在駡自己,壽五十以下;二是經常受別人氣卻又無法排解,敢怒不敢言者,叫“下人”,即地位低下之人,壽六十左右;三是自己經常生氣,也經常氣別人者,叫“俗人”,壽七十左右;四是經常能讓別人生氣,自己卻不生氣者,叫“偉人”,這種人與人鬥其樂無窮,壽八十左右;五是別人怎麼氣他都能淡然處之者,叫“高人”,隨遇而安是心理健康的秘訣,大人有大量,宰相肚裡能撑船,壽九十左右;六是從不氣別人,別人氣他也從不生氣者,叫“眞人”,壽可百歲左右。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(這純屬道聽途說。一個人的氣量、心理質素多少會對健康有影響,但健康更多與遺傳、飲食、疾病和醫療相關,壽命亦然。將人依氣量籠統地分成六種,再依之估計人的壽命是亂作。)</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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儘管這只是一家之言,儘管此說可能沒有太多所謂實質性的數據作支持,但不無道理。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(道理何在?有研究資料?即使有人想做此方面的研究,也難以實施,單單劃分研究對象成此六種人已是件難以落實的事。)</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 其實,長命百歲的“眞人”,早在兩千多年前的《黃帝內經》就有闡述,且層次更高。“上古有眞人者,提挈天地,把握陰陽,呼吸精氣,獨立守神,肌肉若一,故能壽敝天地,無有終時,此其道生。”說眞人能與天地同壽,當然是誇張的說法,但可洞悉自然規律,掌握陰陽化生萬物之機理,吐故納新以養精氣,做到心身合一者,“度百歲乃去”,也就完全不足為奇了,一個性格從不氣別人,也從不為別人生氣的人,何嘗不是一種“與道俱生”的境界?</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(張功耀論證過《黃帝內經》內容是偽造的,且有更多人質疑是否真有黃帝其人,按傳說中黃帝的年代,在其生前死後的史料中並沒確鑿資料可作支持。參見:http://www.scipark.net/archives/19460) </span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 歷史上最著名的小心眼之人,大抵非周瑜莫屬,雖然他被魯肅譽為“公瑾雄烈,膽略兼人”,但因為氣量狹窄的性格,被孔明在“談笑間”就將他氣得“灰飛煙滅”了。臨死前,他依然滿腹怨氣:“旣生瑜,何生亮!”壽只三十六。說周瑜的性格決定了他的短命,並不為過。</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(那是小說三國演義中虛構的情節,史書三國志並無有關的記載。)</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 上述的六種人,可能劃分得並不全面,也可能說得不無偏頗,但性格可以決定一個人的命運、健康乃至壽命,卻多有驗證,善養生者,大可作為一種警惕。</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(不實之論據無力支持作者的論點。作者倘若某日偶遇上述的評論時相信不會為之憤懣,不過就算一時氣結,通常不會減壽。) </span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-7192297893355420402018-09-05T01:03:00.005-07:002018-09-05T01:04:08.113-07:00讀後感:(筆成氣候)書 /寂 然<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 黑字為原文,綠字為讀後感。</span> </div>
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<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2014-07/02/content_915319.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">(筆成氣候)書 /寂 然</a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 我曾經以為電子書可以改變我的未來。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(有時一件瑣事也會因連鎖反應而影響人的一生,何況據文章內容得知看電子書是作者的一種喜好。文首用了廣告式的誇張修辭。)</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 某年太太送我一部Kindle,並傳授各種下載電子書的技術,讓我一度沉迷,徜徉在這虛擬的書海中,滿以為這小東西必可助我節省一點買書錢和大量聚書的空間。那段日子我每天花時間了解網上有什麼新書,同時又得努力閱讀早前已下載的好東西,搞得自己神經緊張。不久之後,我便發現這玩意即使再輕巧方便,也無法取代紙質的書本。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(我曾用Kindle這種電子設備閱讀,感覺不錯,比用Ipad舒適)</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 那純粹是個人的體驗。我喜歡翻書,喜歡逛書店,喜歡書本在書架上整齊排列的感覺,喜歡從一本書發現另一本書,然後把閱讀的範圍擴大,展開一段知識的旅程。買書讀書表面上只是一項消費活動,但如果能用心體會,不把書本視為裝飾品,其實每一本書的閱讀過程都可以附加更多有趣的意義,某年某日書上的畫線、摺疊、疑問、讚賞,當下足以構成獨有的印象,日後亦可掀起難以預料的回憶。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(我也喜歡翻書的感覺,不過少逛書店,現在偶爾會在網上書店買書。我書架上的書排列得有點亂,喜在梳化上放書,床上放書,但廁所不放。覺得有用的字句,我也會畫線,現在有時會用手機拍下做隨身記錄。)</span></span></div>
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人們常以為書本不過是一疊印了字的紙,讀過的書,等於沒有利用價值,更是形同廢紙,那當然只是偏見。書本的構成與主人的修養密不可分,當愛書的人遇到可愛的書,這本書便足以盛載各種不同的內涵,例如一些觀念,一種身份,一段經歷,一次戀情,一項技術,一幅知識藏寶圖,凡此種種,大抵隱藏着主人某些時刻、某個階段的關注和思想。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(電子書不像紙本書具實感、可作珍藏。較之虛擬產物,人更易對實物產生情感。)</span></div>
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閱讀的經驗越豐富,越不敢否定或輕視任何人與知識,心懷謙卑,觀察世情,自有各種意想不到的體會。我無法放棄紙質的書,那種工藝與質感,那種可翻可閱的感動,看似理性,其實更可感性與任性,這是講求格式一致、規律、工整的電子書所無法企及的。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(認同作者所述,但電子書也有紙本書沒有的優勢,除了文中已提及的方便易攜省空間外,少數電子書附有聲音、影像及互動的功能)</span></div>
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儘管我現在仍然喜歡使用Kindle,但只能將之視作一種工具,特別是在旅途之中用作消閒可謂無與倫比,一機在手即可攜帶過百本書籍,非常適合多心的書蟲。不過,這部小東西並沒有改變我讀書和買書的習慣,像我這種一把年紀的人,已經習慣了書的氣味、觸感、聲音,而且深信這些感覺正是科技無法取代的事情。<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(文末點出作者文首真正想表達的:電子書無法代替紙質書在作者心中的地位,作者偏愛紙質書的氣味、觸感,以至翻書聲,所以未來仍會購買、閱讀紙質書。)</span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-250137342464755102018-09-05T01:03:00.002-07:002018-09-05T01:03:25.244-07:00讀後感:告別作文考試 /林柏儀<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">黑字為原文的節選,綠字為讀後感。 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 告別作文考試 /林柏儀<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />(<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2014-07/28/content_922204.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2014-07/28/content_922204.htm</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 大約十二年前,我在台灣參與中學生權益運動,所經歷過的一場“作文考試存廢爭議”…… 我們主張“作文可以教,但不該考”。同時批評:作文若淪為考試項目,只會成為八股文競賽,反而有害與年輕人的文字表達能力養成。<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">……</span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">當時我們的言論一發出,立刻引來了各方圍剿……</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: green; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> (參與維權運動,是熱血的表現,只要文明地進行,社會不應打壓這種自由。而挑戰考試傳統、教學理念的運動,遭圍剿實屬預料中事。)</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 最近,正好是國中升高中畢業會考的成績發放時刻。報章雜誌一邊解題,一邊刊登了被測驗中心選為得到滿級分的範文。</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 會考的作文考試題目是“面對未來,我應該具備的能力”,其中一篇範文是這樣寫的:</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: grey; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“想像力是你的超能力,這是大家都耳熟能詳的廣告台詞,是的,擁有了想像力,盡情揮灑那七彩的想像,豐富人生,懷着一顆赤子之心,點綴屬於我的那片蔚穹,想像力帶我飛翔,劃破世俗的氤氳,以滿懷想像力的角度眺望世界,我看見了不同凡響的勻稱美;聽見了那點點雨滴譜出的交響樂;嗅到了那綻放在幽谷的芬芳,在世人眼中的平凡事物,我用想像力將它昇華成鐫刻奧妙的寶石。”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 文辭的確華麗,但實在是缺少了正常文字溝通的靈魂。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 我認為這樣的文章是空洞的。沒有傳達出實質意涵的。……寫文章就當要如此?還是說,考試本來就是在比誰比較願意做作奉承改題老師,“認真就輸了”?</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(斷章地看上述滿分範文,華麗的辭藻給人第一印象確有點造作,不過要通篇去看才能判斷這段引文在整篇文章中是否失當。例如從字數的比例看,假設考試要求寫四百字,這個段落連標點符共171字,確應作刪減。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">語言科比其他學科,理所當然更應重視寫作練筆,儘管目前很多學校的教學安排並非如此。作家的生平、詞語的標準解釋、某課課文的問答,凡此種種的教學內容,在中小學的語言科,有哪項及得上作文能力重要?既然重要,怎就不應考核?要爭論的不是存廢問題,而是評審標準和作文定題。</span><span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 話說回來,加考作文後,究竟新一代的文字能力是否因此提升?我不確定。但我倒肯定,新世代很可能因為作文考試,將習得了某一種“陽奉陰違”的能力:不是書寫自己的文字與想法,而是寫作文評分老師會喜歡的文字與想法。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 這事實反映在:年輕人生活世界的文字中(不論是網絡上,或大學生的報告上),幾乎看不到這種“作文文字”。換句話說,對他們而言,考試寫的是一回事;真的要用時所寫的,是另一回事。</span></div>
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<span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(人有惰性,作文考試或多或少可增加學生想要學好作文的驅動力,無論是為分數還是面子。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">不單學生,人們在學習或工作中會應因文種、題目、對象不同,採用不同風格與措辭。作文考試的命題往往與學生閒時的寫作題目不同,且有嚴格的字數限制,忽略環境和時間壓力,單命題和字數兩項的差異,足可令學生在作文考試時難以發揮平時的水平。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">寫作是為學的基本功,無論文理工商法醫等各學科,除卻口試或口頭報告外,學生在做家課、報告、測試中都須以文字表達對題目的瞭解程度,打好此基本功對學業大有裨益。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">到將來就業,即使做無需執筆的工種,善於寫作也有優勢,如做裝修,一份寫得好的報價單會較易獲得生意。)</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 至於作文考試,如今只剩下灌輸教條與控制思想的職能;或者,還要教導陽奉陰違的效果。這種東西,統治者喜愛、被統治者習慣。但要培養新一代的主人,只能夠是成為它們所欲推翻的對象的。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(文章的作者認為作文考試已淪為“灌輸教條”、“控制思想”及“教導陽奉陰違”的工具,此看法失之偏頗,莫說語言科教師,也難獲得其他科教師認同。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">老師多半只是希望藉範文指導學生怎樣提高寫作能力和取得高分,志在能力和分數而非其他。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">要告別的不是作文考試,而是過時的評審標準、作文考試的定題方式和字數限制。評審標準應以通順、言之成理、邏輯清晰、新意、修辭配合作文題目等多維考量,空洞、誇誇其談、陽奉陰違,從來不應作為好文章的準則。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">關於作文選題,因學生對教師所選單一題目的認知可以判若雲泥,若多定幾個題目讓學生就自己所知來選擇,拉近此方面的差異,反而較能公平地考查學生的寫作水平。除命題作文,可設閱讀理解題目,測試學生的閱讀理解、分析及寫作三方面的綜合能力,亦可參照之評估學生有否背命題作文,及平衡倘若學生靠背命題作文而拔高的分數。</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">字數方面,定死的字數(如600字),易使明知沒甚可寫或寫至言盡而未夠字數的學生,要湊字數寫出冗長無物的段落(亦難為改卷老師),而未</span></span><span style="color: green; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">盡抒</span><span style="color: green; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">己見的學生就要半路中斷思路,突兀地終止行文。相反,彈性的字數範圍(如500至800字),能賦予學生更大的靈活性,可有話則長無話則短。再者,能用簡潔精練的文字把題目談透,放諸中西文,皆是寫作功力深厚的表現。)</span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-24785622060053322302018-09-05T01:02:00.001-07:002018-09-05T01:02:28.583-07:00讀後感:(娛情未了)人無需食嘢時 / 高域<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">黑字為原文的節選,綠字為讀後感。</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">人無需食嘢時<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> /</span><span style="line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">高域</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2014-09/23/content_937491.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">(http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2014-09/23/content_937491.htm<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 如果殺人唔使坐監、唔使賠償,社會將變成點?《國定殺戮日:全民瘋殺》設定了這樣一個有趣的故事背景,帶大家看看人性的各種變化,有的變態,有的荒謬,有的激發正義,構成一幅無政府狀態下的眾生相。</span></div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(《國定殺戮日:全民瘋殺》的故事背景真夠瘋狂,倘若我為片中的人,當日寧可選擇閉關自守。)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">......</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 人通常具有劣根性,愈受束縛便愈想反抗,因此影片設定了人可以隨便殺人時,許多人便歇斯底里地瘋狂,要過殺人癮,這正好反映人性本惡。當社會上某種法律或道德的規範突然鬆綁,例如打劫唔使坐監、衝紅燈唔使罰、買嘢唔使錢,甚至做人唔講誠信、學生唔使尊師重道,久而久之,社會一定大亂,變成原始年代,反文明反進步。</span></div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(受束縛想反抗更可能是人</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">天生</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">嚮往自由的的反映</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">。人確具劣根性,有本善的一面也有本惡的一面,但莫說殺人,多數人連打架也可免則免。君不見參加搏擊比賽的人寥寥可數?在其他情況下,訴諸暴力通常是逼於無奈的選擇。</span></div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">社會規範是人類文明發展逐步建立的,法律這上層建築更屬文明的結晶品,儘管有不少未盡如人意之處。沒有法律規管,社會一定大亂,因而在現實生活中,法律或道德</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">規範</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">突然鬆綁也只會是局部的、短期的及可修正的,又或因大災難的發生而處於亂世時期,短暫出現的情況。)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 每一次鬆綁,都像考驗人性,向好還是變壞,一目了然。不過,總覺得最有趣的是,當人與生俱來就唔需要食嘢時,世界究竟變成點?人必須要食,才能維持生命;人要活命,必須搵食,也就是搵銀;因為搵銀,人才有上進心,所謂讀好書就能搵份好工,以後才能食得好住得好。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 當人無需食嘢時,總覺得會少了積極性與工作動力,無謂咁搏,甚至變得頹廢。這樣下去,社會生產力降低,競爭力驟減,文明、文化、科技等不同範疇的發展步伐,一定下降;同時間,因為唔需要搵食,總有一部分人走入魔道,為非作歹,導致更多罪惡;同時更有一批遊手好閒的“喪屍族”,天光等天黑,天黑瞓到天光,反正唔需要食,舒舒服服過一世。</span></div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(雖有謂民以食為先,但除了食之外,人還有各種層次的需求。現今澳門太平盛世,政府年年向全澳巿民派</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">錢</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,絕大部分澳門人根本不愁溫飽,作者文中把現代比作大飢荒年代?亦似乎把食嘢的重要性無限擴大為人需求的全部。</span></div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">試問澳門人或其他地方的人何時因為溫飽了,就變得頽廢?毋須搵食(搵銀),意味着基本需求得到滿足,與一部分人走入魔道有何因果關係?相反,衣食足而知榮辱,應有更多人願為獲得尊榮而作出奉獻的行為,更有利</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">社會</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">隱惡揚善。)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 若果掉轉頭來思考,當世界萬物不變時,每一個人需要更大量食物來維持生命時,人一定會更上進,社會產生力一定更強勁,發展步伐有可能比現在更快。但食物始終有限,僧多粥少下,就會鬥過你死我活,回到蠻荒年代的弱肉強食。</span></div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(無需食嘢會入魔,需要更大量食物又會回到蠻荒年代的弱肉強食?作者是否一時受該齣電影的影響太深?全球人口不斷增長,每年人口增加幾千萬*,世界卻並未因為需要更大量的食物而回到蠻荒年代。</span></div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">雖然</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">糧食短缺問題一直存在,</span><span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">但科學家不斷以新的方法改善,包括採用先進設備和農業技術增產、抗旱、抗蟲等,而未來的發展大方向將會是轉基因技術。巿面上現有的轉基因食品、藥品早已被證明安全,與非轉基因的同樣安全,甚至因為監管嚴格而更安全。**)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 民以食為先,食確實重要,不僅維特生命,更對世界發展、人類歷史起到促進作用。因此,人的構造很神奇,每每牽動世界萬物,產生難以想像的推動力。食物,點止用來食咁簡單。</span></div>
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<span style="color: #339966; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(......)</span></div>
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* <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">人口規模與增長</span></span> (<a href="http://www.un.org/zh/development/population/growth.shtml" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">www.un.org/zh/development/population/growth.shtml</a>)</div>
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** <span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: green; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">基因農業網</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> (</span><a href="http://www.agrogene.cn/" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">www.agrogene.cn</a><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)</span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-90840825629156148412018-09-05T01:00:00.001-07:002018-09-05T01:01:01.863-07:00評:睡前喝水有利健康 / 溫綜<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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睡前喝水有利健康 / 溫綜 (<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-03/07/content_980216.htm)" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-03/07/content_980216.htm)</a></div>
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文中提到"有的人清晨去鍛煉,一出門便倒下來,這就和睡前沒有喝水有很大的關係。因此專家建議晩上睡前最好喝200多毫升的水,大概一袋牛奶的量就可以了。"</div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">常說的人每天要喝8杯水,除了水,其實還包括飲料、湯、食物中含的水份,所以人在口喝時才喝水就基本夠了。除非做劇烈運動,先喝些水有利發揮和可預防身體因大量排汗而缺水。</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">引文中提到要在睡前喝水,其實是沒必要的,反會影響睡眠。指人清晨去鍛煉,出門便倒下,更可能和血糖低有關,而不是睡前沒喝水。</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">該文還舉出研究佐證:"專家曾做過一個實驗,一組人晩上九點後不喝水,另一組人九點後喝水;第二天起來後測大腦認知功能,不喝水的人認知功能下降,喝水的人認知功能提高。"</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第二天起來大腦認知功能下降,是因為未睡醒吧。認知功能若真受缺水影響,一般只會是極短暫的,根本不用擔心,補喝幾口水就可以。若真有人做過那個實驗並得出這樣的結論,相信不是甚麼專家,只能是"磚家"。 </span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-86186703057294881102018-09-05T00:57:00.002-07:002018-09-05T01:01:15.080-07:00讀後感:(斷章寫義) 慕課革命 / 李爾<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 黑字為原文(只省了文首的引文),<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">藍字</span>為讀後感。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(斷章寫義)慕課革命 / 李爾(<a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-03/12/content_981325.htm)" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-03/12/content_981325.htm)</a></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">......</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">看完《穹頂之下》,從事教育工作的母親問我,這片子能買得到嗎?</span></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">我問為甚麼,她說,如果拿到學校的課堂上播放,再讓同學們討論,就可以是一堂很好的公民教育課<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(其實作者母親應先自修一堂關於版權的公民課。*)</span>──是的,我們今天常掛在口邊的什麼“愛國愛澳”、“增加對祖國的認同感”,但有什麼比讓澳門年輕人看一看《穹》這齣片子,會更深刻認識到澳門與內地的呼吸與共?<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(深刻認識到與內地人共同呼吸的高濃度的PM2.5來自何方?作者真的認為澳門年輕人看罷會</span></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“增加對祖國的認同感”,而不是相反?</span></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">又有什麼比一個像柴靜這樣魅力四射的人物,會令澳門青年們心生仰望</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(柴靜的那場演講表現或表演確不錯,但她沒那麼值得仰望。團隊包裝、煽情元素、數據迷霧、實地採訪等的疊加效應,使整個演講變得高大上。)</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,了解到今天的中國除了文明缺失、揮霍霸道的豪客和貪官之外,還有不少願意承擔公民責任、努力推動社會變革的人?</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(為何用問號結尾?)</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 2012年10月,《時代周刋》發表題為《大學已死,大學萬歲!》(College Is Dead. Long Live College!)的專題文章,指出以互聯網為基礎的開放網絡課程(又稱“慕課”MOOC,Massive Open Online Courses),正在改變教育資源分配的不均衡,令其更加民主化和大衆化。事實上,互聯網時代的教育和學習方式,的確正在消弭學校及地區之間的藩籬,令更多人有機會分享優質教育資源,教育公平不再僅是虛應的門面話。<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(互聯網上已有豐富的學習資源,不過系統地學習之風倘未普及。在大量網站、訊息被屏蔽的地區,學子要懂得翻牆才能利用眾多優質的學習資源。)</span>人們求知的渴望不必受時空限制,學習可以(亦應該)結合個人興趣和自由,不是<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">單單</span>為了分數學歷,而是融入日常生活<strike style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">的態度裡</strike><span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">中</span>。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> 不難想像,如果學校裡的每節課都能上得像《穹》這麼生動有趣,我們會減少多少逃課和厭學的孩子?<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(再精彩的滿堂灌,學生也支持不了多少節課。)</span>如果宣導公共政策能像《穹》這麼觸動人心,我們可以避免多少不必要的猜疑和爭吵?<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(宣導再觸動人心,不落實執行好的公共政策,爭吵、示威還是會發生的。</span></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">《穹》本身有編故事的成份,若如此宣導,難免引起猜疑。</span></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">)</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">互聯網時代的特殊知識結構(知識型經濟更注重發現、剖析和解決問題的能力,而非成績分數之類的硬性指標;更注重平等對話而非一面倒的灌輸方式),從各層面對社會原有的秩序和習慣帶來挑戰,而相信首當其衝的,就是傳統的教育模式和理念。<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(認同這句。)</span> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">*</span></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">依據版權條例,</span><span style="color: blue; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">在課堂上可直接上網</span></span><span style="color: blue; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">播放</span></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">《穹頂之下》,</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">或播放自行燒錄的</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">《穹</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">》影</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">碟</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">而無需買片</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">。</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: "lucida grande", verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">澳門相關的條文:</span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">經第5/2015號法律修改的第43/99/M號法令(著作權及有關權利之制度)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第六十條</span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">供私人使用之自由</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">二、下列者尤屬私人使用之範圍:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">b)戲劇作品、戲劇音樂作品或電影作品之表演、文學作品之朗誦、音樂作品之演奏及其他對已發表或出版之作品進行傳播之方式,只要非以謀利為目的及非在開放予公眾之地點內進行。</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">第六十一條自由使用</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">下列情況屬合法使用,無須經作者同意:</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">d)全部或部分複製某一已出版或發表的作品,只要此複製是由圖書館、博物館、文獻中心或學術機構進行,且並非為公眾而進行複製,而僅限於為有關機構本身活動所需者;</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">m)專以科學、教育或人文之利益為目的而使用非供交易之作品</span>;</span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span></div>
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筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-25768865206100696952018-09-05T00:55:00.002-07:002018-09-05T00:58:46.066-07:00短評:村落保護 /石 城 & 何師奶的乞——嗤!/ 阿 彭<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(文章標題連結原文,下文為對原文的短評)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span> <a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-03/18/content_982898.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(男人表情)村落保護 /石 城</span></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">保留村落,保留文化,是不少人所希冀的,只不過要平衡各方利益得失。無人需為別人的鄉愁負責,因而村落的發展方向應重點考慮當地大多數村民的意願,以及發展對村周邊地區的影響。</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">部分人享受着城巿生活的便利、較優越的經濟環境,卻想別人為其保留村落作為閑適的度假之地、文化心田。在提倡所謂的保護時,請將心比己,請細思文化的核心價值。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-03/18/content_982900.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(生活場景)何師奶的乞——嗤!/ 阿 彭</span></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">嚴重的過敏性鼻炎,難根治。根本的辦法是遠離過敏原,如果可能的話。對策是先查過敏</span></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">原</span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,若過敏</span></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">原</span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">是可避免的就算幸運,如為塵蟎等難避的,以開窗、清潔為大方向,亦可考慮購置防塵蟎的家具。倘效果未彰,則可用噴鼻藥,如症狀仍每每影響生活,可向</span></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">專科西醫</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">咨詢</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">脫敏注射療法。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">辛夷花等草藥或能治療花粉過敏類的,短期可一試,但長遠就要小心,畢竟是藥三分毒,不少草藥能對人體造成永久性的傷害。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">至於按穴位,還不如多做運動。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"可憐之人必有可恨之處"中的"必</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">字改為"或"字較妥,譬如,難道天生殘缺的人、因他人過失而受重傷或蒙受嚴重損失的人,也必有可恨之處?</span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-36901246837000151972018-09-05T00:54:00.001-07:002018-09-05T00:58:52.004-07:00短評:(二 弦)珍惜資深醫護人員 / 方 圓<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 26.1818px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(文章標題連結原文,下文為對原文的短評)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 26.1818px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span> <a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-03/19/content_983125.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(二 弦)珍惜資深醫護人員 / 方 圓</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">文中提到"唯獨不知醫院在挽留已屆退休之年的醫生方面,有何更令病人受惠的高招。" 毋庸甚麼高招,澳門公共行政工作人員通則內已載明可以散位合同半薪返聘退休人員。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">除非犯事,澳門公務人員六十五歲屆滿時才強制退休,政府大可按法例返聘退休的資深醫生。</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">主治醫生起薪已740點(目前每點79元),半薪就至少370點,即返聘月薪起碼約3萬。到了那個年齡,若真的想繼續從醫,只要政府肯返聘,退休醫生多半是會接受的。退休金(按因年資不足36年)打個折也約4至5萬,加上返聘的3萬,就月入7至8萬,在澳門可過令人羡慕的富裕生活了。若退休後返聘的醫生無需負責雜瑣的行政工作,相信選擇繼續留任的醫生會更多。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><span style="line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">問題是:政府會這樣做嗎?</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-50033753851753444882018-09-05T00:52:00.002-07:002018-09-05T00:53:24.361-07:00短評:(心海魚書)開悟的人不帶頭腦 /遨翹<div style="text-align: center;">
筆足</div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 細明體; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(黑字為原文</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 細明體; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue; font-family: 細明體; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">藍字</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 細明體; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">為讀後感。</span> )</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-05/25/content_1000273.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">開悟的人不帶頭腦 / 遨翹</a><span style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(<-按此標題讀原文全文)</span><span style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">從智者奧修的角度看,人類有神經病是平常事。或者換另一較緩和的用語,即大多數人是不快樂的。</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">究其原因:一是生理因素,由於人類在母體中未完全發育或進化便出生,不能自主步行或進食,受照顧下才能生存。二是心理因素,這是重點,人類自小就被注入特定的模式,接受來自社會的、家庭的、學校的教化,被培養成某種模樣。在奧修眼中,這種過程就意味着沒有自由,並造成了壓抑。所以,內心深處的自我與被培養出來的特定模式很可能產生衝突,當表裡不一,也就自己反對自己。焦躁、緊張便產生,嚴重者為精神分裂,即是神經病。</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">發燒、感冒,小朋友一年患五至六次,成人一年患兩至三次,很常見,所以可謂平常事,但“人類有神經病是平常事”卻不確,就算近年情緒病患增多,神經病仍遠未成為平常事。文中“換另一較緩和的用語,即大多數人是不快樂的”也是不確的。人有不快樂的時候,但一般人快樂的時光多於不快樂的,這才使得多數人眷戀塵世。“心理因素"尤其是精神壓力(不一定是甚麼“表裡不一"“自己反對自己")驅使遺傳因素的表達,才是精神分裂的主要成因。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">英國著名精神病專家也說:你無法變得神志清醒,直到你體驗過不清醒或瘋狂之後。而重要的是,這種覺知是被動的,其本質就是無為。而這種無為、虛無、被動的覺知,就是靜心。</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">一般人,除卻睡眠、患病及其他精神不振的時候,神志精醒是健康的表現,跟是否體驗過不清醒或瘋狂無關。英國著名精神病專家那句,較像出於毒犯之口。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">其實奧修的理念與佛教禪宗的頓悟、道教的無為境界、易經否極泰來的人生哲理等等都是很接近的。六祖惠能被《金剛經》的“應無所住而生其心”觸動而開悟。奧修在他書中說:開悟的人是不帶頭腦的。因為無所羈絆、沒有執着,自然而然就是靜心。</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">人在社會中,煩惱或多或少不找自來,許多時不能靠無為而解,怎也得面對,想法解決,故此愚見認為經過歷練及思想成熟的人比不帶頭腦的人,較懂得應對煩憂,較大機會開悟而放下執妄。</span></div>
筆足http://www.blogger.com/profile/07146210184237587636noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8347415695383231838.post-7028929453970032992018-09-05T00:51:00.003-07:002018-09-05T00:53:24.367-07:00短評:半邊蓮的鑒別及使用 / 張志鋒<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 細明體; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(黑字為原文</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 細明體; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">,</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: blue; font-family: 細明體; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">藍字</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 細明體; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">為讀後感。</span><span style="line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> )</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.macaodaily.com/html/2015-06/13/content_1004978.htm" style="background-color: inherit; color: #286ea0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"> 半邊蓮的鑒別及使用 / 張志鋒</a></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><-按此標題讀原文全文)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">半邊蓮,又名急解索、細米草、蛇舌草等,是一味常用中藥,其味辛、微苦,性平,具有清熱解表、利尿消腫的功能。</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">......主治毒蛇咬傷、肝硬化腹水、晚期血吸蟲病腹水、腎炎水腫、扁桃體炎、闌尾炎等症。半邊蓮最早收載於《滇南本草》,後又見於李時珍的《本草綱目》中。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">......在治療毒蛇咬傷的草藥中,半邊蓮有顯著獨特療效,民間常有“認得半邊蓮,可以伴蛇眠”之說。傳說觀音娘娘從普陀紫竹林去壽昌大慈岩......孩子的娘親被毒蛇咬傷,身中劇毒......細心地用蓮花塗擦她被蛇咬的傷口......因其草藥形似半朵蓮花,故得名“半邊蓮”。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">......半邊蓮作為毒蛇咬傷的特效藥......,細火煎煮......早中晚各口服藥液1次......毒重者......同時用半邊蓮適量搗爛外敷傷口,每日更換2次。</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(毒蛇咬傷需用特定血清治療,不能用山草藥亂敷了事。 神仙傳說作醫學證據屬笑話,萬一有人被蛇咬後,用了這篇文章的方法去處理傷口可能會搞出人命。被蛇咬傷的處理要點包括:認蛇、拔牙、結紮、水洗及送院等。) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">......1.治晚期血吸蟲病腹水、腎炎水腫......2.治疔瘡及一切陽性腫毒......3.治急性中耳炎......4.治乳腺炎......5.治盲腸炎......6.治無名腫毒......7.治痢疾......</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: small; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(如此多功效的東西可謂神藥!小心為上。)</span></div>
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